First published in 1994, Figuring Transcendence in "Les Mis rables" is a book-length study of Victor Hugo's Les Mis rables. Kathryn M. Grossman's authoritative command of Hugo's work and Hugo criticism enables her to situate the novelist's masterpiece in relation both to his earlier novels--up to and including Notre-Dame de Paris--and to the poetry published during his exile under the Second Empire. Drawing on Paul Ricoeur's theory of metaphor and on Thomas Weiskel's analysis of the romantic sublime, Grossman illustrates how the novel's motifs and structures correspond to a closely connected set of ethical, spiritual, political, and aesthetic concerns.