This book covers a broad range of topics relating to carbon nanotubes, from synthesis and functionalization to applications in advanced biomedical devices and systems. As they possess unique and attractive physical, chemical, optical, and even magnetic properties for various applications, considerable effort has been made to employ functionalized carbon nanotubes as new materials for the development of novel biomedical tools, such as diagnostic sensors, imaging agents, and drug/gene delivery systems for both diagnostics and clinical treatment.